Signs & Symptoms of Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease (also known as periodontitis and gum disease) is a progressive condition and the leading cause of tooth loss among adults in the developed world.

This disease occurs when toxins found in dental plaque begin to irritate or inflame the gingiva (gum tissue). The resulting bacterial infection, often starting as gingivitis, can eventually destroy gum tissue and underlying bone. Without treatment, periodontal disease can lead to loose teeth or complete tooth loss.

There are several common types of periodontal disease, including aggressive periodontitis, chronic periodontitis, necrotizing periodontitis, and periodontitis associated with systemic diseases. Each type has distinct characteristics and symptoms, and all require prompt professional treatment to prevent further bone and tissue loss.

Common Signs & Symptoms

It's crucial to understand that periodontal disease can progress silently without obvious signs or symptoms such as pain. This is why regular dental checkups are so important for early detection and treatment. Below are the most common signs and symptoms of periodontitis.

If you experience any of these warning signs, seek advice from a general dentist or periodontist as soon as possible:

Unexplained Bleeding

Bleeding during brushing, flossing, or eating is one of the most common symptoms of periodontal infection. The toxins in plaque create a bacterial infection that makes gum tissues fragile and prone to bleeding. Healthy gums should not bleed during normal oral hygiene or eating.

Pain, Redness, or Swelling

Swollen, red, or painful gums without an apparent cause may indicate a periodontal infection. It's essential to address the infection before it affects the gum tissue and jawbone, and before bacteria can enter the bloodstream and potentially impact other areas of your body.

Longer-Looking Teeth

Periodontal disease often leads to gum recession, making teeth appear longer than normal. The toxins produced by bacteria destroy supporting tissue and bone, creating a more "toothy" appearance to your smile. This recession exposes more of the tooth surface that was previously covered by healthy gum tissue.

Bad Breath (Halitosis)

While bad breath can originate from various sources including the tongue, lungs, stomach, food consumption, or tobacco use, persistent halitosis may result from food particles trapped between teeth and below the gum line. As periodontal disease progresses, deeper gum pockets develop that can harbor more debris and bacteria, creating persistent foul odors.

Loose Teeth or Changes in Bite Pattern

Loosening or shifting of teeth in the affected area indicates rapidly progressing periodontitis. As bone tissue deteriorates, teeth that were once firmly anchored to the jawbone become unstable and may shift position. You might notice changes in how your teeth fit together when you bite down.

Pus Discharge

Pus oozing from between teeth is a clear sign of an active periodontal infection. This discharge results from your body's immune system attempting to fight the bacterial infection. The presence of pus indicates that the infection has advanced and requires immediate professional attention.

The Importance of Early Detection

Remember, the earlier periodontal disease is detected and treated, the better the outcome for preserving your natural teeth and overall oral health. Don't wait for symptoms to become severe—regular dental visits and prompt attention to any warning signs are your best defense against this progressive disease.